README for replication files;
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INITIAL DEPOSIT DATE: 02/01/2024
THIS VERSION: 11/18/2024
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BOOK: “False Front: The Failed Promise of Presidential Power in a Polarized Age” (University of Chicago Press, 2024)
AUTHOR: Kenneth Lowande (please report errors and omissions to lownade@umich.edu)
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BASE SOFTWARE DEPENDENCIES: 
macOS 14.2.1 (23C71); ggplot2 (3.4.2); 
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-This repository reproduces figures and results reported in "False Front"
-Results discussed in-text are reproduced in the figure file for the nearest figure
-Datasets are stored in data/
-Code for figures are stored in figures/
-The replication R files can either be run on their own, or all ran at once via make.R
-Most data files are summarized versions of the underlying dataset. A clean version of the executive action data is also located in this repository. The codebook for this file is 'executive-actions-codebook.pdf' and the associated file is 'executive-actions-1989-2021.Rda'
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CODEBOOKS (filename/object label):
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"actions-topic-year.Rda"/"act_dt"

year --> calendar year (note, end of term actions Jan 1-20 coded to previous year so that presidential transitions occur end of year)
topic --> adapted NPAT topic area
action --> count of actions
unilateralaction --> "action" as dichotmous
party --> party of incumbent
Action --> factor variable (party X action) used for plotting an earlier color version of this figure
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"type-topic-year.Rda"/"type_dt"

year --> calendar year (note, end of term actions Jan 1-20 coded to previous year so that presidential transitions occur end of year)
type_consolidated --> consolidated type of action (e.g., executive orders, memoranda)
action --> count of actions
unilateralaction --> "action" as dichotmous
party --> party of incumbent
Action --> factor variable (party X action) used for plotting an earlier color version of this figure
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"action-year.Rda"/"total"

year --> calendar year (note, end of term actions Jan 1-20 coded to previous year so that presidential transitions occur end of year)
action --> count of actions
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"preamble-type-year"/"preamble_yr"

year --> calendar year (note, end of term actions Jan 1-20 coded to previous year so that presidential transitions occur end of year)
type --> either "Executive Order" or "Presidential Memorandum"
preamble_words --> average wordcount of directive premables in that year
preamble_prop --> average proportion of directive words made up of preamble text
party --> party of incumbent president
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"executive-actions-1989-2021.Rda"/"ua"

See separate codebook and appendix.
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"discretion-preambles.Rda"/"validate_preamble"

lowande.uid --> unique identifier for executive action
rhetorical_preamble --> (0,1) for order contains rhetorical preamble
preamble_words --> average wordcount of directive premables in that year
preamble_prop --> average proportion of directive words made up of preamble text
subj_discretion --> discretion measure from Lowande and Shipan (2022); see full text for discussion
divgov --> 0,1) for order issued under divided government
opposition --> proportion of seat in Congress controlled by the opposition
cong --> U.S. congress id
preamble_prop_rescaled --> preamble_prop rescaled between 0.001 and 0.999
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"discretion-raters.Rda"/"ranks"

Topic --> adapted CAP topic area
Rank --> discretion rank
Rater --> either Expert or Public
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"executive-actions-subset.Rda"

Information to be added.
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Information to be added.
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"news_data_wContext.Rda"/"news"

Information to be added.
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"election-2020-survey.Rda"/"dt"

See Goehring and Lowande (2024 JEPS) for data description and variables.
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